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Naturally-Occurring Silicates as Carriers for Copper Catalysts used in Methanol Conversion
- M. R. Sun Kou, S. Mendioroz, J. L. G. Fierro, I. Rodriguez-Ramos, J. M. Palacios, A. Guerrero-Ruiz, A. M. De Andres
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- Clays and Clay Minerals / Volume 40 / Issue 2 / April 1992
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 February 2024, pp. 167-174
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Bentonite- and sepiolite-supported copper catalysts have been prepared either by adsorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions of copper nitrate at pH ~4.5 or by adsorption of a [Cu(NH3)4]2+ complex from an ammonia solution of CuSO4 at pH ~9.5. The structure and composition of the calcined preparations have been studied by X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, and energy dispersive X-rays. Textural characteristics have derived from the analysis of the adsorption-desorption isotherms of N2. All catalysts have been tested for the dehydrogenation of methanol to methyl formate. For this reaction, bentonite-based catalysts were found to have very little activity, which indicates that copper located in the inter-lamellar spaces is inaccessible to methanol molecules. On the contrary, copper-sepiolite catalysts showed a very high specific activity even for those catalysts with a very low copper content. The chemical state of copper in the catalysts on-stream has been revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray-induced Auger techniques. In most of the catalysts Cu+ is the dominant copper species.
Mineralogy and Geochemistry of a Bentonite Pellets Column Heated for 10 years
- M. V. Villar, J. Cuevas, A. B. Zabala, A. Ortega, A. M. Melón, A. I. Ruiz, R. J. Iglesias
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- Journal:
- Clays and Clay Minerals / Volume 71 / Issue 2 / April 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 January 2024, pp. 166-190
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A common design of a high-level radioactive waste (HLW) disposal system consists of the waste canisters emplaced in tunnels or shafts, with the space between the heat-emitting canisters and the surrounding rock filled with a bentonite-based material. Understanding the behavior of this barrier, in particular the effect of prolonged heating on its properties, is important to assess the barrier’s long-term performance. The objective of the present study was to add to this understanding and to supply experimental data about the state of bentonite hydrated and heated for a long period of time. To that end, a 50 cm long column of Wyoming-type bentonite pellets was heated at its base at 140 °C (simulating the waste canister) while a synthetic sodium-chloride-rich groundwater including sulfate, calcium, and magnesium was supplied through its upper surface for almost 10 y. At the end of the experiment the upper half of the column was saturated, but in the lower half the water content decreased sharply toward the heater, where it was close to 0%. No relevant mineralogical changes occurred, and the main component of the bentonite continued to be a predominantly sodium montmorillonite with no structural changes with respect to the initial one. In the area where the temperatures were >60°C and the material very dry, however, the smectite was not able to completely develop the 1-layer hydrate after 48 h of stabilization at RH 55%, although its expandability was fully recovered when the smectite was hydrated with liquid water. The ions solubilized as a result of the water-content increase were transported toward the heater and concentrated in two distinct areas: sodium and calcium chlorides closer to the heater than calcium and sodium sulfates. At the heater contact, the bentonite microstructure was of dense packets with carbon and Na-S-coated cavities. Precipitation of calcite and calcium sulfates and possibly dissolution of silica minerals also took place close to the heater.
Preeclampsia and risk of maternal pulmonary hypertension at high altitude in Bolivia
- C. E. Salinas, O. V. Patey, C. Murillo, M. Gonzales, V. Espinoza, S. Mendoza, R. Ruiz, R. Vargas, Y. Perez, J. Montaño, L. Toledo-Jaldin, A. Badner, J. Jimenez, J. Peñaranda, C. Romero, M. Aguilar, L. Riveros, I. Arana, D. A. Giussani
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- Journal:
- Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease / Volume 14 / Issue 4 / August 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 July 2023, pp. 523-531
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Women with a history of preeclampsia (PE) have a greater risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In turn, pregnancy at high altitude is a risk factor for PE. However, whether women who develop PE during highland pregnancy are at risk of PAH before and after birth has not been investigated. We tested the hypothesis that during highland pregnancy, women who develop PE are at greater risk of PAH compared to women undergoing healthy highland pregnancies. The study was on 140 women in La Paz, Bolivia (3640m). Women undergoing healthy highland pregnancy were controls (C, n = 70; 29 ± 3.3 years old, mean±SD). Women diagnosed with PE were the experimental group (PE, n = 70, 31 ± 2 years old). Conventional (B- and M-mode, PW Doppler) and modern (pulsed wave tissue Doppler imaging) ultrasound were applied for cardiovascular íííassessment. Spirometry determined maternal lung function. Assessments occurred at 35 ± 4 weeks of pregnancy and 6 ± 0.3 weeks after birth. Relative to highland controls, highland PE women had enlarged right ventricular (RV) and right atrial chamber sizes, greater pulmonary artery dimensions and increased estimated RV contractility, pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. Highland PE women had lower values for peripheral oxygen saturation, forced expiratory flow and the bronchial permeability index. Differences remained 6 weeks after birth. Therefore, women who develop PE at high altitude are at greater risk of PAH before and long after birth. Hence, women with a history of PE at high altitude have an increased cardiovascular risk that transcends the systemic circulation to include the pulmonary vascular bed.
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and in psychodermatological conditions. Is it useful?
- A. Jimenez, T. Gutiérrez, I. Rivera Ruiz, L. Montes, M. Reyes López
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S188-S189
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Introduction
Pathologic grooming disorders can lead to clinically significant distress and functional impairment. Various psychopharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments have been used to ameliorate the symptoms of these disorders. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is a newer modality in the treatment of these disorders and has shown promise in treatment of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders.
ObjectivesTo determine whether NAC is useful in the treatment of body-focused repetitive behavior disorders.
MethodsA literature review was carried out in PubMed using the descriptors: “body-focused repetitive behaviour disorders” “grooming disorders” AND “N-Acetylcysteine”.
Six results were obtained when using the time limit of 5 years. We selected two of them for their relevance to the PICO question. Subsequently, the search was repeated using the same descriptors and the time limit in the Cochrane Library, Epistemokinos and Tripdatabase, in which no additional results were found.
ResultsOverall, thirty-three articles were included in these systematic reviews that we studied, which consisted of 23 case reports, one case series, and seven randomized controlled trials. Dosing of oral NAC ranged from 450 to 3,000 mg per day, and treatment periods lasted from 1 to 8 months. Side effects were uncommon, mild, and usually gastrointestinal in nature, with severe aggression reported in one child. Two randomized controlled trials showed a significant improvement in trichotillomania and excoriation disorder in adults. The other two were performed in pediatric population, showing no statistical difference. Two randomized controlled trials and six case reports studying the effects of NAC in patients suffering from trichotillomania (one performed in adults and the other one in infants) were included. Only the one performed in adults showed improvement when adding NAC to the treatment using the Massachusetts General Hospital, Hairpulling Scale (MGH-HPS). Four case reports and two randomized controlled trials included patients with excoriation disorder showed statistical differences in all of them. Three case reports and one randomized controlled trial in patients with onicotylomania showed a difference that wasn’t consistent after two months of treatment.
ConclusionsThere are multiple case reports an several clinical trials supporting both the safety and efficacy of NAC in the treatment of body-focused repetitive behavior disorders. Based on these positive preliminary results and the absence of serious adverse effects, carrying out a therapeutical trial with NAC is a plausible option in the management of this pathology, especially in those in which other therapeutic options have not been effective. Further studies are needed to develop a treatment algorithm and elucidate the difference in the efficacy of NAC between children and adults with this disorder.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Cannabis use in different mental disorders: a descriptive study in a psychiatric hospital
- B. Samso, A. López Fariña, C. González Navarro, L. Morado San Segundo, A. Bilbao Idarraga, U. López Puentes, R. F. Lopez Brokate, T. Ruiz de Azua Aspizua, U. Ortega Pozas, C. Arán Cisneros, E. Garnica de Cos, I. Alonso Salas
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S334-S335
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Introduction
In the last decade, the prevalence of THC use is increasing among adolescents and adults. There is also strong evidence to suggest that cannabis use is associated with psychiatric comorbidities. The strongest evidence is found between cannabis use and psychotic disorder. However, the literature shows that those who have used cannabis in the past or for a large part of their lives are at higher risk of mood disorders, anxiety, personality disorder or other drug use than those who do not use cannabis in a harmful way.
ObjectivesTo provide an overview of the association between cannabis use and the different mental pathologies presented by the patients admitted during the study period. To describe the prevalence of THC use in the study according to the mental pathology presented by the patient.
MethodsA retrospective observational descriptive study was developed for 3 months, of all patients admitted to the acute unit of the psychiatric hospital. No exclusion criteria were included.
ResultsDuring the period of study 172 patients were admitted to the hospital, classified according to the main diagnosis we have: 49 patients suffer from schizophrenia, 26 bipolar affective disorder, 20 with depressive disorder, 20 with personality disorder, 19 with substance use disorder, 18 with other unspecified disorders and 20 patients with no known previous diagnosis. The prevalence of THC use in the study sample according to diagnosis, would be schizophrenia 16%, Bipolar affective disorder 19%, Depressive disorder 5%, Personality disorder 45%, Substance use disorder 21%, Unspecified disorders 11% and patients with no known previous diagnosis 10%.
ConclusionsThe results obtained in the study in terms of THC use are in agreement with those obtained in the literature. In our study, we observed that cannabis use is associated with psychotic disorders as well as with mood, personality and substance abuse disorders. Given that the frequency of use has increased and there is a strong association with different comorbid psychiatric diagnoses, guidance on modifications in medication strategies might be necessary.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Adherence to psychiatric medications and diagnosis
- C. González Navarro, A. Bilbao Idarraga, I. Alonso Salas, L. Morado San segundo, A. López Fariña, U. López Puentes, B. Samsó Martínez, R. F. Lopez Brokate, T. Ruiz de Azua Aspizua, E. M. Garnica de Cos, U. Ortega Pozas
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S240-S241
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Introduction
Patients with mental disorders frequently become non-adherent during their long term prescribed treatment. This situation frequently triggers clinical worsening and hospital admission. Therefore, non-adherence may result in poorer long term clinical outcomes and has economic implications for health-care providers (Carlos De las Cuevas et al. Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2021; 23(4):347-362).
Objectives- To describe the adherence to oral and long acting injectable treatment in the sample of patients that were admitted to the short stay hospital unit during the period of study.
- To describe the adherence to treatment amongst psychiatric diagnosis in the sample of study.
MethodsIt was a retrospective observational study with a duration of three months. Data was collected from all patients admitted to the short stay hospital unit during the period of study and there were no specific exclusion criteria. Descriptive statistics were performed. To assess the adherence to pharmachological treatment the patient report, the family report and the pharmacy dispensation according to the existent informatic prescription platform was considered. Regarding the long acting injectable treatment the formulary of administration in the clinical history was checked.
ResultsDuring the period of study 172 patients were admitted to the short stay hospital unit. Of those, 146 patients had a previous pharmacologic prescription. Data of treatment was not possible to obtain in 7 patients. In the sample of study, 83.5% were on oral and 16.5% on long acting injectable treatment. The general adherence to treatment in the sample was 61.87%. In the oral treatment group the adherence was 58.4% and in the long acting injectable treatment group was 65.2%.
Amongst the different psychiatric diagnoses the outcomes of adherence to treatment were: 60.4% in schizophrenia and related psychosis, 62.5% in bipolar disorder, 78.6% in depression, 58.3% in personality disorders and 62% in addictive disorders.
ConclusionsIn our descriptive study adherence to treatment was higher in the long acting injectable treatment group, agreeing with the existent scientific literature.
The results of adherence for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are similar to the ones found in scientific literature but differ from the ones for depression, being higher in our sample (Judit Lazary et al. Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2021;23(4): 347-362). Moreover, in scientific literature it is found a similar prevalence of adherence across diagnosis (for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression) whereas in our sample patients with depression showed a different and higher adherence to treatment (Judit Lazary et al. Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 2021;23(4): 347-362). In our sample, patients with personality disorders had the lowest adherence to treatment.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Brief psychotic episode in an adult without medical antecedents after suffering the indirect consequences of the Russian-Ukrainian war
- R. G. Troyano, M. Fariña Francia, E. Marimon Muñoz, I. Fernandez Marquez, E. Miranda Ruiz, M. Arroyo Ucar, J. Ramirez Gonzalez, S. Ferreiro Gonzalez, C. Hidalgo, A. Quispe
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S911
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Introduction
Almost nine months after the start of the war between Russia and Ukraine, millions of people have been affected physically, economically and mainly mentally. Those who have stayed in their homeland, and the ones that have chosen to emigrate to a safer place.
ObjectivesThe objective of this article is to assess the importance of social stressors in the onset of a brief psychotic episode, even in the absence of substance abuse or previous illnesses.
MethodsThe case of a 45-year-old woman is described, known by the Pediatric Emergency Service, for being the tutor of a patient who suffered from anxiety attacks, having emigrated without her parents from Ukraine together with her 5 brothers. The psychotic episode begins when our patient gets notified that she must abandon the custody of the girl, because she will have to go to Turkey with her legal guardians. The family explains the behavioral changes that the patient made and how the clinical picture worsened.
ResultsShe was admitted at the Hospital’s Psychiatry Service and antipsychotics treatment started. After 5 days, the episode had completely been solved.
ConclusionsIn conclusion, we highlight the importance of social problems in the development of a psychiatric pathology and the necessary elements to prevent it: family support network, fast and efficient care services and availability of hospital and pharmaceutical resources.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Acute psychosis following corticosteroid administration for COVID-19 and Respiratory Syncytial Virus infection: A case study
- E. Miranda Ruiz, E. Marimon Muñoz, J. Ramirez Gonzalez, M. Fariña, R. G. Troyano, M. I. Arroyo Ucar, S. Ferreiro, I. Fernandez Marquez, C. Hidalgo, A. Quispe, L. Delgado
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S790
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Introduction
Steroids are a necessary treatment for hypoxic respiratory failure; however there are many side effects that should be taken into account. A 44- year-old-woman with asthma and no past psychiatric history was admitted due to COVID-19 pneumonia and Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, presenting hypoxic respiratory failure. After two days of intravenous methylprednisolone administration, the patient presented acute psychosis and agitation.
It has been previously described that steroid use can cause effects such as mania, anxiety, agitation, delirium and psychosis amongst other. However they are a necessary treatment in respiratory illnesses and are sometimes unavoidable.
ObjectivesThe aim was to examine the appropriate medical response to steroid induced psychosis in patients with acute hypoxic failure.
MethodsA bibliographical review was done in PubMed database searching recent cases of steroid induced psychosis using the words (“Steroid”, “Psychosis” and “COVID-19”).
ResultsAccording to literature, it has been shown that partial or complete reduction of steroid use and/or use of psychotropic has been successfully used to treat steroid induced psychosis. Following the research it was decided to reduce intravenous methylprednisolone dose from 20mg/ 8h to 20mg/12h and start oral haloperidol 5mg/8h the first 24h and reducing the dose progressively as the patient recovered. After the first 24 hours the patient presented adequate response to steroids as well as partial response to antipsychotic treatment; presenting no further agitation, absence of hallucinations and partial persistence of the persecutory delusion. A couple of days later there was complete remission of the psychotic symptoms and the patient was on the way to recovery from COVID-19 and RSV.
ConclusionsThere is evidence that suggests that medications such as steroids used to treat COVID-19 and other respiratory illnesses can lead to psychotic episodes. It is very important to pay attention to possible side effects when treating with steroids and evaluate the patient history as well as suggest having a follow up visit after the hospital discharge.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Vickybot, a chatbot for anxiety-depressive symptoms and work-related burnout
- G. Anmella, M. Sanabra, M. Primé-tous, X. Segú, M. Cavero, R. Navinés, A. Mas, V. Olivé, L. Pujol, S. Quesada, C. Pio, M. Villegas, I. Grande, I. Morilla, A. Martínez-Aran, V. Ruiz, E. Vieta, D. Hidalgo-Mazzei
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S109-S110
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Introduction
A significant proportion of people attending Primary Care (PC) have anxiety-depressive symptoms and work-related burnout and there is a lack of resources to attend them. The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened this problem, particularly affecting healthcare workers, and digital tools have been proposed as a workaround.
ObjectivesWe present the development, feasibility and effectiveness studies of chatbot (Vickybot) aimed at screening, monitoring, and reducing anxiety-depressive symptoms and work-related burnout in PC patients and healthcare workers.
MethodsUser-centered development strategies were adopted. Main functions included self-assessments, psychological modules, and emergency alerts. (1) Simulation: HCs used Vickybot for 2 weeks to simulate different possible clinical situations and evaluated their experience. (3) Feasibility and effectiveness study: People consulting PC or healthcare workers with mental health problems were offered to use Vickybot for one month. Self-assessments for anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9) symptoms, and work-related burnout (based on the Maslach Burnout Inventory) were administered at baseline and every two weeks. Feasibility was determined based on the combination of both subjective and objective user-engagement Indicators (UEIs). Effectiveness was measured using paired t-tests as the change in self-assessment scores.
Results(1) Simulation: 17 HCs (73% female; mean age=36.5±9.7) simulated different clinical situations. 98.8% of the expected modules were recommended according to each simulation. Suicidal alerts were correctly activated and received by the research team. (2) Feasibility and effectiveness study: 34 patients (15 from PC and 19 healthcare workers; 77% female; mean age=35.3±10.1) completed the first self-assessments, with 34 (100%) presenting anxiety symptoms, 32 (94%) depressive symptoms, and 22 (64.7%) work-related burnout. Nine (26.5%) patients completed the second self-assessments after 2-weeks of use. No significant differences were found for anxiety [t(8) = 1.000, p = 0.347] or depressive [t(8) = 0.400, p = 0.700] symptoms, but work-related burnout was significantly reduced [t(8) = 2.874, p = 0.021] between the means of the first and second self-assessments. Vickybot showed high subjective-UEIs, but low objective-UEIs (completion, adherence, compliance, and engagement).
ConclusionsThe chatbot proved to be useful in screening the presence and severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms, in reducing work-related burnout, and in detecting suicidal risk. Subjective perceptions of use contrasted with low objective-use metrics. Our results are promising, but suggest the need to adapt and enhance the smartphone-based solution in order to improve engagement. Consensus on how to report UEIs and validate digital solutions, especially for chatbots, are required.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Alcohol consumption and cardiovascular risk: a descriptive study in a psychiatric short stay unit
- C. González Navarro, I. Alonso Salas, L. Morado San segundo, A. López Fariña, A. Bilbao Idarraga, U. López Puentes, B. Samsó Martínez, R. F. Lopez Brokate, T. Ruiz de Azua Aspizua, E. M. Garnica de Cos, U. Ortega Pozas
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S754
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Introduction
Patients with mental disorders have a decreased life expectancy, being the main reason the cardiovascular disease. An important proportion of patients present a comorbid drug consumption. Amongst drugs, alcohol is the most frequent, and it is associated with a higher cardiovascular risk. The metabolic syndrome is one of the most employed tools to assess cardiovascular risk.
Objectives- To describe the demographic characteristics of the patients with an active alcohol consumption that were admitted to the hospital during the period of study.
- To describe the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the sample, according to the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP-III) criteria.
MethodsRetrospective observational study of three months duration. Data was collected from all patients admitted to the hospital during the period of study, with no specific exclusion criteria. Descriptive statistics were performed.
ResultsDuring the period of study 172 patients were admitted to the hospital (56.4% women and 43.6% men). A 44.8% presented alcohol consumption (25% sporadically, 6.4% weekly and 13.4% daily). Amongst women, 1% presented daily and 1% weekly consumption. Amongst men, 21.3% presented daily and 5.3% weekly consumption.
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the study sample was 29.11%. In the alcohol consumption group, the prevalence was 24.7% and differed according to the pattern of consumption: 43.5% in the daily consumption group, 27.3% in the weekly and 14% in the sporadically consumption group.
ConclusionsOn the one hand, in the sample of study a higher percentage of men present an active alcohol consumption, compared to women. It is remarkable the high percentage of daily alcohol consumption amongst men in our sample.
On the other hand, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in our sample is similar to the one found in scientific literature regarding patients with mental disorders. It is noteworthy in our sample the increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome found in patients with a daily alcohol consumption, and a decreased prevalence in those with a sporadic pattern.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Joint treatment of an acute manic episode and a multiple sclerosis debut: A case study
- M. Fariña Francia, E. Marimon Muñoz, E. Miranda Ruiz, I. Fernandez Marquez, R. G. Troyano, J. Ramirez Gonzalez, S. Ferreiro Gonzalez, C. Hidalgo Vazquez, A. Quispe Sulca, M. I. Arroyo Ucar
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S570-S571
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Introduction
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects 1 in 1000 people. Given the association of MS to many affective disorders and specifically with Bipolar Disorder (BD), it is possible that a manic episode and an acute episode of MS may appear together. In these cases, it is difficult to decide whether it is necessary to start a corticosteroid regimen as treatment for the acute episode of MS, since it may worsen manic symptoms.
ObjectivesThe aim is to carry out a review of the existing information in relation to the comorbidity prevalence of MS and TB as well as the joint treatment of both illnesses, and to expose the details of a clinical case, regarding the treatment that was used in the acute psychiatry unit.
MethodsFirst, a search was done in PubMed database reviewing recent cases of steroid induced psychosis using the words (Multiple Sclerosis) AND (Bipolar Disorder). Subsequently, we describe the case of a 41-year-old patient who was admitted to the acute care unit from the emergency department presenting manic symptoms (megalomania, sensation of increased capacities and ideas of mystical content) associated to episodes of muscle weakness and gait disturbances. A screening Magnetic Resonance was performed in which lesions with inflammatory-demyelinating characteristics were detected, and was therefore catalogued as MS debut.
ResultsAfter carrying out a bibliographical review, we can conclude that studies recommend the inclusion of MS within the differential diagnosis of a first manic episode (1), performing neurological examinations, complete anamnesis and imaging tests, given that there is a high prevalence ratio of the comorbidity (2.95%) (2). It has been described that the use of lithium has a calming and neuroprotective agent that may be useful (3).
ConclusionsWe consider it of interest to describe the therapeutic approach to the case. After the introduction of Aripiprazole and Lithium, a short regimen of methylprednisolone in high doses was administered to treat the MS episode. When the treatment started, the patient presented a progressive improvement of the manic episode and motor symptoms. We observed that corticosteroid therapy did not worsen the manic symptoms or the patient’s evolution in this case. We intend to contribute by providing information on the joint management of these pathologies and we consider that it is necessary to continue studying this matter to be able to manage these cases in the most appropriate way.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Psychiatric comorbidity profiles among suicidal attempters: A cohort study
- Y. Sanchez-Carro, M. Diaz-Marsa, V. Fernandez-Rodrigues, W. Ayad-Ahmed, A. Pemau, I. Perez-Diaz, A. Galvez-Merlin, P. de la Higuera-Gonzalez, V. Perez-Sola, P. Saiz, I. Grande, A. Cebria, J. Andreo-Jover, P. Lopez-Peña, M. Ruiz-Veguilla, A. de la Torre-Luque
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S318-S319
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Introduction
More than 700,000 people die by suicide in 2019 globally (World Health Organitation 2021). Mental health problems constitute a risk factor for suicidal behavior and death by suicide (Hoertel et al. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20 718–726). Different mental disorders have been related to different forms of suicidal ideation and behavior (Conejero et al. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2018; 20, 33) (Quevedo et al. Compr Psychiatry 2020; 102 152194). However, little is known on comorbidity profiles among suicide attempters.
ObjectivesThe aim of our work was to identify the psychiatric comorbidity profiles of individuals who were admitted a hospital emergency department due to a suicide attempt. Moreover, it intended to know their clinical characteristics according to comorbidity profile.
MethodsA sample of 683 attempters (71.30% female; M age= 40.85, SD= 15.48) from the SURVIVE study was used. Patients were assessed within the 15 days after emergency department admission. Sociodemographic (i.e., sex, age, marital status and employment status) and clinical data were collected. The International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to assess DSM-V Axis 1 mental health diagnoses and the Columbia Suicide Rating Scale (C-SSRS) to assess suicidal ideation and behavior. The Acquired Capacity for Suicide-Fear of Death Scale (ACSS-FAD), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to assess the frequency of depressive symptoms during the past 2 weeks, and the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale to assess symptoms of worry and anxiety were also conducted. For the identification of comorbidity profiles, latent class analysis framework was followed considering diagnosis to each individual disorder as clustering variables. On the other hand, binary logistic regression was used to study the relationship between comorbidity profile membership and clinical factors.
ResultsTwo classes were found (Class I= mild symptomatology class, mainly featured by emotional disorder endorsement; and Class II= high comorbidity class, featured by a wide amount of endorsed diagnoses) (see figure 1). Individuals from the High comorbidity class were more likely to be female (OR= 0.98, p<.05), younger in age (OR= 0.52, p< .01), with more depressive symptoms (OR=1.09, p<.001) and have greater impulsivity (OR= 1.01, p<.05).
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ConclusionsWe found two profiles of people with suicidal behavior based on the presence of mental disorders. Each of the suicidal subtypes had different associated risk factors. They also had a different profile of suicidal behavior.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
The therapeutic potential of psilocybin in depression resistant to psychotropic drugs
- J. Ramírez González, I. Fernández Márquez, S. Ferreiro González, E. M. Ruíz
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- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S834
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Introduction
The use of hallucinogens has accompanied the human being throughout history. In the 1970s, studies focused on the therapeutic potential of hallucinogens were blocked due to their misuse in the young population. At present, psilocybin is re-emerging as the center of attention due to its possible therapeutic potential in different psychiatric pathologies such as depression, anxiety or substance use.
ObjectivesThe main objective of this work has been to review recent studies on the therapeutic potential of psilocybin in drug-resistant depressive disorder.
MethodsFor the search for articles, the search strategy “psilocybin AND depression” was established in PUBMED. Regarding the inclusion criteria, it was established that they were recent articles, in Spanish or English and that the full text was freely accessible. On the other hand, those articles whose studies did not focus on humans and resistant depressive disorder were excluded. A total of 19 articles were obtained to review.
ResultsFocusing on Drug-Resistant Depressive Disorder, multiple studies have agreed that the administration of one or two microdoses (10-25mg) of psilocybin accompanied by psychotherapy improves the clinical picture for at least 6 months. These results make us feel optimistic in the search for new treatments in the field of mental health.
ConclusionsPsilocybin microdoses associated with psychotherapy improves depressive symptoms in a patient resistant to common antidepressants.
The psilocybin response in terms of improvement of the depressive symptoms persists after 6 months of evolution.
One or, in some two cases, two microdoses of psilocybin (10-25mg) are enough to obtain statistically significant results in the improvement of the depressive symptoms.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Tobacco and hypertension: a descriptive study in a psychiatric short care unit
- I. Alonso Salas, A. Lopez Fariña, C. Gonzalez Navarro, A. Bilbao Idarraga, L. Morado San Segundo, U. Lopez Puentes, R. Lopez Brokate, T. Ruiz de Azua Aspizua, E. M. Garnica de Cos, U. Ortega Pozas, B. Samsó Martinez
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, pp. S954-S955
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Introduction
Patients affected by mental disorders are known to have a decreased life expectancy.
One of the main reasons are cardiovascular diseases. It is known that tobacco and hypertension are risk factors to develop them. WHO estimates that hypertension is diagnosed and treated in less than half of adults with hypertension, and even less in patients with severe mental illness.
ObjectivesTo describe the demographic characteristics of patients with tobacco comsumption and hypertension admitted to a short-term hospitalization unit.
MethodsA three-month retrospective observational study. Data were collected by interviewing incoming patients and performing a blood pressure measurement, with no exclusion criteria.
ResultsOf 172 patients admitted, 100 were smokers of whom 49 were men and 51 were women. Among the smokers, a total of 18 patients were diagnosed with hypertension and 79 were not diagnosed. Within the group of patients not diagnosed with hypertension, elevated blood pressure was recorded in 5 of them. A total of 67 patients were non-smokers, 23 of whom were male and 44 female. Among the non-smokers, 19 were diagnosed with hypertension and 48 were not, despite which elevated blood pressure levels were recorded in 4 of them. No data were collected from 5 patients.
ConclusionsThe prevalence of smokers in our sample was 58%. The prevalence of patients diagnosed with hypertension was 21,51% which is coherent with the existent literature. We did not find a higher percentage of hypertensive patients among the smokers admitted. There were patients who suffered from hypertension and were not diagnosed or treated previously.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Thyroid disorders in psychiatric patients: a descriptive study in a psychiatric hospital
- U. López, L. Morado San Segundo, C. González Navarro, I. Alonso Salas, A. López Fariña, A. Bilbao Idarraga, B. Samsó Martínez, R. F. López Brokate, E. M. Garnica de Cos, T. Ruiz de Azua Aspizua, U. Ortega Pozas
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S471
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Introduction
Thyroid disorders can present with psychiatric symptons similar to depression, and, at the same time, certain treatments, like litio, can cause changes in thyroid function. Given, therefore, the importance for the treatment and care of patients, the study of thyroid function is one of the parametres that should be requested in patients with psychiatric pathology.
ObjectivesTo study the frequency of thyroid disorders in patients who where admitted to a psychiatric short stay unit.
MethodsRetrospective descriptive observational study is carried out in the acute stay unit of a psychiatric hospital. As a sample, all patients admitted to the unit over a period of three months. During admission, their sociodemographic data, the treatment they receive and their diagnosis are recorded. Secondly, blood test are performed whith differents parameters, including TSH values.
ResultsIn the total sample of 172 patients, 8 of them have TSH abnormalities. 7 of them, all women, present hypothyroidism values.
A single male patient presented values of hyperthryroidism.
ConclusionsAccording to the present study, 4,6% of the patients present alterations at the TSH at admission, although except in one case, the values were not markedly altered.
The thyroid study at admission allows detecting cases of altered TSH that are amenable to treatment and monitoring.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Under-diagnosis of alcohol abuse: a descriptive study in a psychiatric hospital
- A. Lopez Fariña, U. López Puentes, I. Alonso Salas, C. Gonzalez Navarro, A. Bilbao Idarraga, L. Morado Sansegundo, U. Ortega Pozas, C. Aran Cisneros, B. Samso Martinez, R. F. Lopez Brokate, T. Ruiz de Azua Aspizua, E. M. Garnica De Cos
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 66 / Issue S1 / March 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 July 2023, p. S333
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Introduction
Incidence of alcohol abuse in our country is high, although it is still under-diagnosed and under-treated. The WHO estimates that a total of 3.3 million deaths worldwide per year are related to alcohol consumption.
ObjectivesThe main objective is to describe the pattern of alcohol consumption in a sample of patients who are admitted to our psychiatric hospital for different reasons, relating with previous diagnoses.
MethodsA retrospective observational descriptive study was carried out in the acute care unit of the psychiatric hospital, after approval of the corresponding protocol by the ethics committee. All patients admitted to this unit during a three-month period were taken as a sample. During admission, sociodemographic data, drug use, treatment type and time and previous diagnoses were collected.
ResultsOut of 172 patients, 81 reported being abstemious, 45 declared occasional consumption, 11 weekly and 22 daily consumption. There is no data about 13 patients. Among those who reported daily alcohol consumption, 59% had a previous diagnosis of Substance Use Disorder (SUD), 23% a previous diagnosis of Schizophrenia, 13.5% of Bipolar Disorder and finally 4.5% of Depressive Disorder. All the patients with a previous diagnosis of SUD reported consumption of more than 10 SDUs/day, the group with Schizophrenia stated less than 5 SDUs/day, of the group with T. Bipolar between 7-10 SDUs/day and with T. Depressive 5 SDUs/day.
ConclusionsThe results obtained are consistent with the literature in relation to the under-diagnosis of alcohol use disorder, taking into account that 40% of patients in the sample with daily alcohol consumption previously had not such a diagnosis and it was not recorded in their medical history. For this reason, and for the sake of being able to treat them, it is essential to question all patients about alcohol consumption, whatever the reason for their admission.
Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
Impact of social media on self-esteem and body image among young adults
- R. Molina Ruiz, I. Alfonso-Fuertes, S. González Vives
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 September 2022, p. S585
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Introduction
The extent to which social media contributes to body image dissatisfaction and lower self-esteem is currently under debate
ObjectivesThis research seeks to study the relationship between the use of Instagram (one of the main platforms used by young people nowadays) and the degree of dissatisfaction with body image and the level of self-esteem among their younger users
MethodsA sample of 585 Spanish adults between 18 and 40 years old was used, to whom the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and the Social Comparison of Appearance Scale (PACS) were applied.
ResultsA positive correlation was observed between the frequency of use of the social network and dissatisfaction with body image and low self-esteem. In addition, it was found that content observation time significantly predicts body dissatisfaction and low self-esteem. On the other hand, the type of content both published and observed, showed no effect on any of these variables, although it has been found that the relationship between the use of the platform and the study variables seems to be mediated by the tendency of their users to compare their appearance with others.
ConclusionsThese results invite us to reflect on the use of social networks and their impact on constructs as relevant to the person as self-esteem and body image and on how different policies should be taken into account to prevent a negative impact on the mental health of their users
DisclosureNo significant relationships.
The TIMEBASE Study: IdenTifying dIgital bioMarkers of illnEss activity in BipolAr diSordEr. Preliminary results
- G. Anmella, A. Mas, I. Pacchiarotti, T. Fernández, A. Bastidas, I. Agasi, M. Garriga, N. Verdolini, N. Arbelo, D. Nicolás, V. Ruiz, M. Valentí, A. Murru, E. Vieta, A. Solanes, F. Corponi, B. Li, D. Hidalgo-Mazzei
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 September 2022, p. S221
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Introduction
Mood episodes in bipolar disorder (BD) are still identified with subjective retrospective reports and scales. Digital biomarkers, such as actigraphy, heart rate variability, or ElectroDermal activity (EDA) have demonstrated their potential to objectively capture illness activity.
ObjectivesTo identify physiological digital signatures of illness activity during acute episodes of BD compared to euthymia and healthy controls (HC) using a novel wearable device (Empatica´s E4).
MethodsA pragmatic exploratory study. The sample will include 3 independent groups totalizing 60 individuals: 36 BD inpatients admitted due to severe acute episodes of mania (N=12), depression (N=12), and mixed features (N=12), will wear the E4-device at four timepoints: the acute phase (T0), treatment response (T1), symptoms remission (T2) and during euthymia (T3; outpatient follow-up). 12 BD euthymic outpatients and 12 HC will be asked to wear the E4-device once. Data pre-processing included average downsampling, channel time-alignment in 2D segments, 3D-array stacking of segments, and random shuffling for training/validation sets. Finally, machine learning algorithms will be applied.
ResultsA total of 10 patients and 5 HC have been recruited so far. The preliminary results follow the first differences between the physiological digital biomarkers between manic and depressive episodes. 3 fully connected layers with 32 hidden units, ectified linear activation function (ReLU) activation, 25% dropout rate, significantly differentiated a manic from a depressive episode at different timepoints (T0, T1, T2).
ConclusionsNew wearables technologies might provide objective decision-support parameters based on digital signatures of symptoms that would allow tailored treatments and early identification of symptoms.
DisclosureNo significant relationships.
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Suicide Prevention in an Outpatient Setting
- H. De Diego Ruiz, M. De Matteis, M. Mallo Caño, I. Vicente Sánchez, L. González Hernández
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 September 2022, p. S840
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Introduction
The incidence of suicide is much higher in people with mental health disorders, estimating that up to 9 out of 10 people who commit suicide suffer from at least one of them. For this reason, suicide is considered by many authors as the most serious complication of psychiatric disorders. The literature and the experience of clinicians support the potential usefulness of specific measures and programs aimed at its prevention.
ObjectivesCongruently, throughout the last decade, consecutive strategic mental health plans in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, Spain, have included suicide prevention plans among their priorities, setting the objective of reducing suicidal behavior in the population of Madrid by implementing practical measures in the healthcare system.
MethodsIn the presented work we aim to summarize the multidisciplinary therapeutic process in the context of this program and the results obtained during its years of experience.
ResultsRetiro Community Mental Health Treatment Center launched a specific program in 2013 to meet these objectives. This initiative, that received the name PRISURE (Spanish acronym for Suicide Risk Prevention Program in Retiro), is an outpatient intervention program for immediate care, as the first appointment is scheduled within a week after referral. Intensive, comprehensive and multidisciplinary care is provided for patients with moderate to severe suicide risk.
ConclusionsAll professional categories that work in the Community Mental Health Treatment Center actively participate. In parallel with clinical performance, these professionals also carry out coordination tasks with other entities that are dedicated to suicide prevention, as well as with patients’ and families’ associations.
DisclosureNo significant relationships.
Use of Electro-Convulsive Therapy as a Bipolar Disorder Treatment: A Systematic Review
- E. Miranda Ruiz, E. Marimón Muñoz, A. Stoppa Montserrat, I. Fernandez, M.I. Arroyo, N. Borras, S. Ferreiro, J. Ramirez
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- Journal:
- European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 September 2022, p. S417
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Introduction
Electro-convulsive Therapy (ECT) has been considered a useful for the treatment of depression and other affective disorders, however it is considered as a last resort given the risks and possible adverse effects.
ObjectivesThe objective of this review is to assess the use of ECT (in terms of efficacy and tolerability) for patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder and how it can be compared with other treatments more commonly used to treat this disorder.
MethodsA search was carried out in Medline and in the Virtual Health Library as well as in the Trripdatabase with the search terms “Bipolar disorder”, “Bipolar Depression”, “ECT”, “ECT treatment” and “Mania” in English and narrowing the search to the last 5 years. 8 articles were included for the review after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria.
ResultsA favorable and well tolerated response was observed when applied ECT on patients with Bipolar disorder, especially the elderly populations. It was observed that the administration of unilateral and bilateral ECT are both equally effective. A better response was detected to ECT compared to newer treatments like ketamine, as well as lower suicide rate when ECT was used compared to other treatments.
ConclusionsECT is considered an effective and safe treatment for Bipolar Disorder and should be taken into account not only as a last resort. Even so, given the limitations observed, it is necessary to carry out further investigation on the matter.
DisclosureNo significant relationships.